Oral Candidiasis in HIV Patients Subjected to Anti-retro Viral Therapy (ART) in Wad Medani HIV Center, Gezira State, Sudan (2021)
Nesreen Nur Eldin Mohammed
State Ministry of Health, Emergency Teaching Hospital Laboratory, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan.
Fatima Hassan Abd Ellatif
State Ministry of Health, Maternity Teaching Hospital Laboratory, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan.
K. E. Khalid
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, KSA.
Hajir M. H. Omer
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Bakri Y. Mohamed Nour *
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in immune compromised individuals such as AIDS patients. Candida albicans alone is responsible of more than 95% of candidiasis. The increase prevalence of oral candidiasis among African HIV infected people has resulted in increased in usage of antifungal agents for both prophylactic and treatment purposes.
This study aimed to detect oral candidiasis in HIV patients subjected to ART.
Methods: In Wad Medani HIV center, Central Sudan, a total of 100 participants were enrolled, oral swabs were collected and processed immediately by culturing on potatoes dextrose agar (PDA), Candida species were identified on the base of morphology, germ tube test and chlamydospres formation and the participants were categorized according the WHO classification of viral stages into I, II, III and IV. Demographic data was obtained by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS program version 21. IBM Chicago.
Results: Theresults obtained revealed that 55% (55/100) % were females while 45% (45/100) % were males with an age ranging from 31 to 41 years. Candida species was detected in 21% (21/100) of tested samples, and all olated candida showed positive germ tube test and produced beta hemolysis on blood agar while chlamydospores were observed among 85.7% (18/21) and recorded as Candida albicans. Only18.75% (3/16) of stages 1 subject showed viral load of more than 40 copies/ml, while stage II,III and IV showed o %, 29.8% (17/57) and 27.3(6/22) % respectively. Oral candidiasis recorded in stages III and IV with percentage 57% (57/100) and 22% (22/100) respectively.
Conclusion: There was no significant association between HIV stages and viral load among participants with oral candidiasis (p. value 0.431). The study recommendation, early detection of HIV patients to ensure good management and continuous availability of anti-retro viral drugs in AIDS centers.
Keywords: ART, Candida albicans, HIV-1, oral candidiasis, AIDS