Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Syphilis among Voluntary Blood Donors in Rural Southwestern Uganda: A Retrospective Study
Richard Onyuthi Apecu *
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Edgar M. Mulogo
Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Fred Bagenda
Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Andrew Byamungu
Mbarara Regional Blood Bank, Southwestern Region, Ministry of Health, Uganda.
Yap Boum II
Regional Laboratory Representative of Epicentre in Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Joel Bazira
Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Frederic Byarugaba
Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Despite the improvement with blood screening, transfusion transmissible infectious (TTIs) agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis are still among some of the challenges in the blood safety for the recipient in Uganda. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the four TTIs among the voluntary blood donors in southwestern Uganda. A retrospective study was conducted using one year data (January 2014 to December 2014) from a regional blood bank in southwestern Uganda. Routine screening by the blood bank included anti HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C using the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 SR analyzer. Both Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test and Treponema Pallidun Haeagglutination (TPHA) tests were used for detection of syphilitic infection. 5.67% of blood donors were positive for any of the screening tests and 0.34% had multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence was 1.03%, 1.87%, 2.22%, and 0.54% for HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis respectively. The most common dual combinations were HBV-HCV 51.8 %, HIV-HCV 22.7% and HIV-HBV 10.0%. Triple infection with HIV-HBV-HCV was 3.7% and HIV- HBV-Syphilis was 1.3%. There were no quadruple infections detected in this study. There was statistically significant increase of HIV seropositivity among the age group of donors above 47 years (p=0.001). A substantial prevalence of TTIs was found among the blood donors in southwestern Uganda.
Keywords: HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, prevalence, TTIs, Uganda