Prevalent Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Their Correlates in Apparently Healthy Individuals in Sub-saharan Africa
M. A. Charles-Davies *
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
A. A. Fasanmade
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
J. A. Olaniyi
Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
O. E. Oyewole
Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
M. O. Owolabi
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
J. R. Adebusuyi
Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
O. Hassan
Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
M. T. Ajobo
Department of Dietetics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
M. O. Ebesunun
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
K. Adigun
General Out Patient Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
K. S. Akinlade
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
U. A. Fabian
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
O. O. Popoola
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
S. K. Rahamon
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
W. Okunbolade
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
M. A. Ogunlakin
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
O. G. Arinola
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
E. O. Agbedana
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: To assess the prevalent components of metabolic syndrome (MSC) and their related determinants of lipid metabolism in the Nigerian for early diagnosis, prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated diseases.
Study Design: Cohort study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan between March and August 2010.
Methodology: 534 apparently healthy Nigerian traders aged 18–105 years were participants of a cohort study. The IDF (2005) criteria was used for MS diagnosis. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated. Data analysed were statistically significant at P<0.05.
Results: 60.1% of traders had 2 and 3MSC. 0.6%, 1.1% and 9.6% of traders had all 5MSC, ≥3MSC without elevated waist circumference (WC) and zero MSC respectively. Elevated WC, reduced HDLC and high BP were more frequent MSC representing 70.2%, 63.1% and 47.9% while FPG and TG were less frequent representing 11.2% and 2.2% of traders respectively. This pattern was similar in MS and non-MS groups. 25.3% of males and only 2.2% of females had no MSC. Reduced HDLC and elevated WC were the most frequent MSC in males and females respectively. All metabolic risk factors (MRF) except TC were significantly different in comparison between MS and non-MS groups as well as among traders with 0-5 MSC. WHR was the only parameter that correlated significantly with all MRF.
Conclusion: Elevated waist circumference, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high blood pressure may be prevalent metabolic syndrome components and important in managing metabolic syndrome in Nigeria. Regional specific cut-offs for these components for the African population is needed.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, measures of adiposity; lipids, type2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome components, gender, African