Changing Patterns and Outcomes of Typhoid Fever in Egypt
Mahmoud Sheded
Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Mohamed Mosaad *
Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Adel Hassan
Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Ahmed Faisal
Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Said Abbadi
Department of Microbiology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Dalia Ghareeb
Department of Clinical Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Typhoid fever is an endemic disease in our country; however, the changing presentation may alter our diagnosis and management.
The Aim of the Work: To improve the management of typhoid fever in Egypt through studying the changes in the clinical picture, laboratory findings, response to antimicrobial treatment & outcomes.
Subjects and Methods: 590 patients were involved in the study, presenting symptoms, laboratory results, responses to medications and the outcomes were registered.
Results: fever was the most prevalent symptom (98.6%) followed by a headache (82.9%) and abdominal pain (71.5%); eating outdoor is the most prevalent risk factor (80.8%); Thirty patients who used quinolone were relapsed (14.4% of cases who used quinolone), while fifty-five patients who used 3rd generation cephalosporin were relapsed (21.1% of cases who used cephalosporins).
Conclusion: Food handlers constitute the major risk factors, while the classical form of the disease is not the common presentation, with a low yield of blood culture and increasingly resistant to fluroquinolone and ceftriaxone.
Keywords: Drugs resistance, Egypt, enteric fever, salmonella, typhoid